Deep | What’s Holding Back Co-Packaged Optics Mass Production?

Mass production of co-packaged optics (CPO) for scale-out switches is facing delays and will likely see volume shipments pushed to late 2027 or 2028. According to industry experts, the primary bottlenecks are low hybrid bonding yields on wafer-to-wafer (W2W) carrier bonding—currently limited to about 50 percent due to trapped gas on non-flat lens surfaces—and the delayed development of vacuum-chamber bonding tools. Open article →