Custom Vx1 demo shows Apple M4 GPU agent limits

The author argues that Apple Silicon possesses the necessary hardware for on-device AI agents across its unified architecture, but software engineering struggles because developers must glue together four incompatible languages and runtimes. Using a custom systems programming language backend, the author demonstrates that Apple's Neural Engine and GPU require specific graph structures and careful page alignment to avoid silent fallbacks to the CPU and severe memory copy penalties. Open article →